Papers by Shaliza Ibrahim
Transport Property Data Qualification for Varying Functional Groups
Chemical Engineering Communications, 1989
A qualitative study of the accuracy and consistency of transport property experimental data was u... more A qualitative study of the accuracy and consistency of transport property experimental data was undertaken for compounds which are not categorized in particular homologous series but contain a common hydrocarbon chain and differing functional groups. The behaviors of liquid and vapor viscosity and vapor thermal conductivity were observed over a reasonable temperature range. Plots of property against temperature or reduced
International Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2012
The minimum speed for just-suspension, N js, of porous palm shell-activated carbon (PSAC) particl... more The minimum speed for just-suspension, N js, of porous palm shell-activated carbon (PSAC) particles has been determined in a 15 cm diameter cylindrical tank using a 6-curved blade (6CB) impeller, compared to a 6-blade downpumping mixed-flow (6MFD) impeller and a Rushton turbine (6DT). The particles size ranged from 0.751.00 mm, 1.001.40 mm, and 1.402.36 mm with concentrations between 0 and 5 by weight. The 6CB being a radial impeller performed similarly to 6DT in terms of speed and power requirement at just-suspension, and particles distribution on the base. The 6MFD, with power requirement 100 to 200 less than the radial impellers, was the most efficient for suspending the particles, as usually reported for the range of solid concentrations used here. Specific power per unit mass for all three impellers showed reduction towards minima as the concentration of particles increased. The geometric factor, S, values agreed reasonably with published data, when the particle density was adjusted taking into account water filling the pores of the submerged activated carbon. This result means that Zwietering's equation can be used to predict suspension for porous particles with adjustment to the particle density. S values for curved-blade impellers are presented for the first time. © 2012 S. Ibrahim et al.
http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijce/2012/749760.pdf
http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijce/2012/749760/abs/
Chemical Engineering Research & Design, Sep 1, 2004
The suspension characteristics, the agitator speed, Njs, and the mean specific energy dissipation... more The suspension characteristics, the agitator speed, Njs, and the mean specific energy dissipation rate, (@eTjs, required to just fully suspend ∼20% wet weight Cytodex 3® microcarrier beads have been studied using a range of different diameter Chemineer HE-3 hydrofoils, a pair of Ekato InterMIG impellers and a six-blade mixed-flow impeller in a baffled vessel of 19.2 1 operating volume containing phosphate buffer saline solution. Flat and modified tank bases were used. Njs values were observed to be in the range of 50 to 90 rev min-1. The use of Zwietering's correlation using existing literature geometric suspension parameters, S, to predict Njs would give values up to 50% higher. The low Njs values obtained in the experiments are attributed to the very small particle-liquid density difference (40 kg m-3), which eased the lifting of the particles from the tank bottom, compared to those studied previously. Also, it was found that at Njs, it took up to about 40 min to suspend all particles as the upper surface of the initially settled bed was scoured away. Previous work has not reported such a long-term phenomenon. With the liquid/particle properties used in this study, the three-blade hydrofoil HE-3 impeller of D/T = 0.39 in a cone-and-fillet based tank was marginally the most efficient; that is, it had the lowest (@eT)js of ∼0.5 × 10-3 W kg-1. However, (@eT)js was less than 1 × 10-3 W kg-1 in most cases with the different size HE-3 hydrofoils, which implies that these geometries would probably be suitable for application in shear-sensitive animal cell culture systems using such microcarriers. © 2004 Institution of Chemical Engineers.
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0263876204725940/1-s2.0-S0263876204725940-main.pdf?_tid=377f1ad2-9a0a-11e3-93ea-00000aacb35e&acdnat=1392885622_892c3d58a95ef70321b8c5ffce7e5e3f
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263876204725940
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Oct 1, 2013
A detailed surface characterizations and adsorption mechanism of Cd2+ on chemical activated carbo... more A detailed surface characterizations and adsorption mechanism of Cd2+ on chemical activated carbon (CAC) prepared from Garnicia mangostana shell were investigated. The activation is accomplished in self-generating atmosphere using phosphoric acid as activating agent. The characterizations performed are elemental analysis, functional group identification, N2 adsorption isotherm and surface charges. Adsorption mechanism of metal ion was tested using Cd2+ as model ion. CAC achieved BET surface area of 1,498 m2/g with a mixture of micro and mesopores. The point of zero charge is observed to be at pH 2.8 and the optimum pH for Cd2+ adsorption on CAC is 12. The adsorption isotherm followed the Freundlich model, and the adsorption kinetics was explained by pseudo-second order kinetic model. From thermodynamic studies, the adsorption was found to be physical adsorption. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the adsorption of Cd2+ onto CAC as +2 oxidation state. © 2013 Korean Institute of Chemical Engineers, Seoul, Korea.
http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/93/art%253A10.1007%252Fs11814-013-0130-8.pdf?auth66=1393058220_820a581ea256cb2705f0825c8070e739&ext=.pdf
Bioresource Technology, Dec 1, 2012
In this study, a twin-chamber upflow bio-electrochemical reactor packed with palm shell granular ... more In this study, a twin-chamber upflow bio-electrochemical reactor packed with palm shell granular activated carbon as biocarrier and third electrode was used for sequential nitrification and denitrification of nitrogen-rich wastewater under different operating conditions. The experiments were performed at a constant pH value for the denitrification compartment. The effect of variables, namely, electric current (I) and hydraulic retention time (HRT), on the pH was considered in the nitrification chamber. The response surface methodology was used based on three levels to develop empirical models for the study on the effects of HRT and current values as independent operating variables on NH4 +-N removal. The results showed that ammonium was reduced within the function of an extensive operational range of electric intensity (20-50mA) and HRT (6-24h). The optimum condition for ammonium oxidation (90%) was determined with an I of 32mA and HRT of 19.2h. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852412012655
Review on gas-liquid mixing analysis in multiscale stirred vessel using CFD
Reviews in Chemical Engineering, Jul 1, 2012
This review aims to establish common approaches and equations used in computational fluid dynamic... more This review aims to establish common approaches and equations used in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis for gas-liquid mixing operations and investigate their strengths and weaknesses. The review concluded that with a sufficient computing strength, Eulerian-Lagrangian approaches can simulate detailed flow structures for dispersed multiphase flow with high spatial resolution. Turbulence is an important factor in fluid dynamics, and literature confirmed that k- e is the most widely used turbulence model. However, it suffers from some inherent shortcomings that stemmed from the assumption of isotropy of turbulence and homogenous mixing, which is suitable for very high Reynolds number in unbaffled stirred vessels. In CFD simulations for gas-liquid systems in stirred vessels, bubble size distribution is the most important parameter; hence, different techniques for formulation of bubble size equations have been investigated. These techniques involve source and sink terms for coalescence or breakup and provide a framework in which the population balance method together with the coalescence and breakup models can be unified into three-dimensional CFD calculations. Different discretization schemes and solution algorithms were also reviewed to confirm that third-order solutions provide the least erroneous simulation results. © 2012 by Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, Boston.
www.degruyter.com/view/j/revce.2012.28.issue-2-3/revce-2012-0003/revce-2012-0003.xml
Review on gas-liquid mixing analysis in multiscale stirred vessel using CFD
Reviews in Chemical Engineering, Jul 1, 2012
This review aims to establish common approaches and equations used in computational fluid dynamic... more This review aims to establish common approaches and equations used in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis for gas-liquid mixing operations and investigate their strengths and weaknesses. The review concluded that with a sufficient computing strength, Eulerian-Lagrangian approaches can simulate detailed flow structures for dispersed multiphase flow with high spatial resolution. Turbulence is an important factor in fluid dynamics, and literature confirmed that k- e is the most widely used turbulence model. However, it suffers from some inherent shortcomings that stemmed from the assumption of isotropy of turbulence and homogenous mixing, which is suitable for very high Reynolds number in unbaffled stirred vessels. In CFD simulations for gas-liquid systems in stirred vessels, bubble size distribution is the most important parameter; hence, different techniques for formulation of bubble size equations have been investigated. These techniques involve source and sink terms for coalescence or breakup and provide a framework in which the population balance method together with the coalescence and breakup models can be unified into three-dimensional CFD calculations. Different discretization schemes and solution algorithms were also reviewed to confirm that third-order solutions provide the least erroneous simulation results. © 2012 by Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, Boston.
www.degruyter.com/view/j/revce.2012.28.issue-2-3/revce-2012-0003/revce-2012-0003.xml
Review on Applicable breakup/coalescence models in turbulent liquid-liquid flows
Reviews in Chemical Engineering, Jun 1, 2013
Liquid-liquid flows are common in process industries, particularly in turbulent systems. These sy... more Liquid-liquid flows are common in process industries, particularly in turbulent systems. These systems are usually characterized by the diameter of the dispersed phase and are governed by external forces, deformation, breakup, and coalescence processes. In this review, the common methods and equations used to predict these phenomena will be discussed. First, deformation models in both laminar and turbulent flows containing single and multi-drop are considered. Then, the breakup process and models for these mechanisms are investigated. The coalescence process and collisions that may result in coalescence are also investigated. Coalescence efficiency is another factor that will be introduced in this review. Finally, daughter droplet size distribution is investigated considering both phenomenological and statistical models. Copyright © 2011-2013 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH.
www.degruyter.com/view/j/revce.2013.29.issue-3/revce-2012-0014/revce-2012-0014.xml
Separation and Purification Technology, 2012
An aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) composed of thermo-separating polymer and salt was deployed in... more An aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) composed of thermo-separating polymer and salt was deployed in this study for the recovery of Bacillus cereus cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) and recycling of phase components simultaneously. CGTase was recovered using ATPS over two successive extractions and the recycled phase-forming polymers were utilized for subsequent extraction. ATPSs constructed by different molecular weight of the thermo-separating copolymers [ethylene oxide-propylene oxide (EOPO)] and potassium phosphate salt were tested for their effects on partitioning of the enzyme CGTase into top phase. Besides, the effects of phase composition, tie-line length (TLL), crude load, volume ratio (V R) and pH of the ATPS on the partitioning behavior of CGTase were studied to achieve optimum purification condition. Copolymer recovery was measured in each successive ATPS. The optimum purification of enzyme CGTase was obtained in the EOPO 3900/phosphate ATPS comprising TLL of 41.2% (w/w), V R of 1.25, and crude load of 20% (w/w) and pH of 7.0. CGTase from B. cereus was successfully purified by the ATPS up to 13.1-fold with a yield of 87% and the EOPO 3900 could be recovered up to 80% after the first enzyme extraction from ATPS. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383586611007386
Food and Bioproducts Processing, 2007
Microbial production of medium-chain-length poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates), PHAMCL from crude fatty ac... more Microbial production of medium-chain-length poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates), PHAMCL from crude fatty acids mixture was investigated. With ammonium as the growth limiting substrate, fatty acids mixture from saponified palm kernel oil (SPKO) supports good growth and PHAMCL production of Pseudomonas putida PGA1. Growth of this microorganism on ammonium exhibited substrate inhibition kinetics which can be described using Andrews model with the substrate inhibition constant, Ki = 1.2 g L-1. Concentration of SPKO in the aqueous medium should be at 10 g L-1 or less, as higher concentrations can significantly reduced the volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (KLa), biomass growth and PHAMCL production. Uptake of SPKO by the organism follows a zero-order kinetics, indicating a mass transfer limitation of the free fatty acids by the P. putida PGA1 cells. In batch and fed-batch fermentations, PHAMCL accumulation is encouraged under ammonium-limited condition with SPKO as the sole carbon and energy source. The amount of PHAMCL accumulated and its specific production rate, qPHA were influenced by the residual ammonium concentration level in the culture medium. It was observed that in both fermentation modes, when the residual ammonium becomes exhausted (<0.05 g L-1), the PHAMCL accumulation and qPHA were significantly reduced. However, this effect can be reversed by feeding low amount of ammonium to the culture, resulting in significantly improved PHAMCL yield and productivity. It is concluded that the feeding of residual ammonium concentration in the culture medium during the PHAMCL accumulation has a positive effect on sustaining the PHAMCL biosynthetic capability of the organism. © 2007 Institution of Chemical Engineers.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960308507705837
Production of 2,3-butanediol from blackstrap molasses
Chemie-Ingenieur-Technik, 2001
Process Biochemistry, 2011
The partitioning and recovery of lipase derived from Burkholderia sp. ST8 strain was explored usi... more The partitioning and recovery of lipase derived from Burkholderia sp. ST8 strain was explored using temperature-induced aqueous micellar two-phase system (AMTPS) composed of single nonionic surfactant. Nonionic surfactant Triton X-114 and Pluronic series (triblock copolymer) were evaluated in terms of their clouding phenomenon (cloud-point temperature) and the performance of the lipase partitioning in these AMTPSs. Pluronic L81 showed the most optimum partition efficiency for the recovery of lipase to the micellar phase of the AMTPS. Based on the AMTPS which consisted of 24% (w/w) Pluronic L81 and 0.5% (w/w) potassium chloride (KCl), the selectivity of lipase partitioned to bottom phase has been enhanced to 0.035 and the lipase was purified 7.2 fold. Furthermore, the lipase from the micellar phase was consecutively extracted to a new aqueous solution, with an aim of removing the surfactant from the purified lipase. It was attained by replacing the aqueous top phase from the primary recovery of AMTPS with a new potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) solution. The lipase was then recovered in the newly formed bottom aqueous phase which culminated in the yield of 89% and partition coefficients of 0.34 and 4.50 for lipase and surfactant, respectively. AMTPS offers a convenient and efficient method for the primary recovery of lipase with low cost, large loading capacity and the potential of linear scale up. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359511311002169
Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, 2013
Enhanced ferromagnetic and visible light active titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalyst was synthes... more Enhanced ferromagnetic and visible light active titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalyst was synthesised by depositing a hard ferromagnet strontium ferrite (SrFe12O19) onto TiO2 via an effortless hydrothermal and poly-condensation method. The catalysts were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), BET surface analysis, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and UV-visible light spectroscopy analysis. The prepared nanocomposite photocatalyst exhibited physically a powerful ferromagnetic property with significant stability against the loss of its magnetic property (coercivity ≈2200 G). The catalyst can be fluidised and recovered by an external magnetic field enhancing separation and mixing efficiency. Furthermore, it resulted in a reduced band gap (≈2.3 eV) which resulted in enhanced visible light absorption compared with unsupported TiO2. The photocatalytic activity was investigated by degrading a recalcitrant phenolic compound, viz., 2, 4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) as model pollutant under different illuminance of daylight. Complete degradation of 2,4-DCP (50 mg/L initial concentration in 0.25 L) was achieved in 120 min (supported photocatalyst) and 180 min (unsupported TiO2) under higher illuminance of sunlight. Likewise under diffused sunlight, 100% degradation of 2,4-DCP was achieved in 240 min for the supported TiO2, while ≥90% degradation could be achieved in 300 min for the unsupported TiO2. The supported nanocomposite was recycled under a permanent magnetic field with a mass recovery of 98% and reused. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17458080.2012.675087
Preparation, characterisation and solar photoactivity of titania supported strontium ferrite nanocomposite photocatalyst
Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, 2013
Enhanced ferromagnetic and visible light active titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalyst was synthes... more Enhanced ferromagnetic and visible light active titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalyst was synthesised by depositing a hard ferromagnet strontium ferrite (SrFe12O19) onto TiO2 via an effortless hydrothermal and poly-condensation method. The catalysts were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), BET surface analysis, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and UV-visible light spectroscopy analysis. The prepared nanocomposite photocatalyst exhibited physically a powerful ferromagnetic property with significant stability against the loss of its magnetic property (coercivity ≈2200 G). The catalyst can be fluidised and recovered by an external magnetic field enhancing separation and mixing efficiency. Furthermore, it resulted in a reduced band gap (≈2.3 eV) which resulted in enhanced visible light absorption compared with unsupported TiO2. The photocatalytic activity was investigated by degrading a recalcitrant phenolic compound, viz., 2, 4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) as model pollutant under different illuminance of daylight. Complete degradation of 2,4-DCP (50 mg/L initial concentration in 0.25 L) was achieved in 120 min (supported photocatalyst) and 180 min (unsupported TiO2) under higher illuminance of sunlight. Likewise under diffused sunlight, 100% degradation of 2,4-DCP was achieved in 240 min for the supported TiO2, while ≥90% degradation could be achieved in 300 min for the unsupported TiO2. The supported nanocomposite was recycled under a permanent magnetic field with a mass recovery of 98% and reused. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17458080.2012.675087
International Journal of Photoenergy, 2013
Self-organized TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) with average inner diameter of 109 nm, wall thickness of 15 ... more Self-organized TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) with average inner diameter of 109 nm, wall thickness of 15 nm, and tube length of 7-10 m were loaded with nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles via incipient wet impregnation method. The molar concentration of Ni(NO3)2·6H2O aqueous solution varied in a range of 0.5 M-2.5 M. The samples were characterized for crystalline phase, morphology, topography, chemical composition, Raman shift, and UV-Vis diffusion reflection properties. The finding shows that the loading of NiO did not influence the morphology, structure, and crystalline phase of TNTs but it exhibited significant effect on crystallite size and optical absorption properties. Further, the solar-energy-driven the photocatalytic activity of NiO/TNTs and pure TNTs was evaluated by degrading methylene blue (MB). The results confirm that photocatalytic efficiency of NiO/TNTs is higher than that of TNTs. © 2013 Lan Ching Sim et al.
http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijp/2013/659013/
Power curves and flow patterns for a range of impellers in Newtonian fluids: 40<Re<5×105
Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 1995
The mixing pattern and power number in a stirred vessel depend not only on the impeller design bu... more The mixing pattern and power number in a stirred vessel depend not only on the impeller design but also on the impeller/tank geometry and flow regime. The relationship between these parameters is reported for a Rushton turbine (6DT), six-bladed 45°-pitched turbine pumping down (6MFD) and (6MFU) up and three proprietary impellers. The impellers were used over a wide range of impeller diameter (D)/vessel diameter (T) and impeller clearance (C)/T values. Flow patterns were recorded and power numbers were measured as a function of Reynolds number from about 40 to about 50,000 in Newtonian fluids. The results obtained were used to aid in the study of the impellers in solid-liquid and three-phase systems.
http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0029109434&partnerID=40&md5=f62c09fc96bf266a31bc3adc88deb72a
Particle suspension in the turbulent regime: The effect of impeller type and impeller/vessel configuration
Chemical Engineering Research & Design, Sep 1, 1996
Particle suspension in water has been studied using Rushton turbines, pitched blade turbines (pum... more Particle suspension in water has been studied using Rushton turbines, pitched blade turbines (pumping upwards and downwards), Chemineer HE3 and Lightnin A310 hydrofoils pumping downwards, and Ekato Intermig agitators. Flat and profiled bottoms have been used. The dimensionless parameter S, which is related to the minimum impeller speed for complete solids suspension based on the work of Zwietering, has been used to generalize the results for two different particles. The configuration requiring the lowest specific energy dissipation rate in the flat-bottomed tank was a downward- pumping impeller of 0.35 to 0.4 times the vessel diameter with a clearance off the base of 1/4 the vessel height. Under these conditions, the main flow pattern was such that the piles of solids associated with the regions of flow reversal at the periphery and of the centre of the base were both removed at about the same speed. By modifying the base to fill in these zones where solids collect, the minimum specific energy dissipation rate associated with this configuration using the HE3 hydrofoils could be further reduced by a factor of about 4 to 5. Compared to the HE3 hydrofoils, the Rushton turbines and the Intermigs required minimum specific energy dissipation rates for suspension 5 to 10 times higher at equivalent clearances and vessel base configurations.
http://www.cheric.org/research/tech/periodicals/view.php?seq=51784
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2009
Phototrophic hydrogen production by indigenous purple non-sulfur bacteria, Rhodopseudomonas palus... more Phototrophic hydrogen production by indigenous purple non-sulfur bacteria, Rhodopseudomonas palustris PBUM001 from palm oil mill effluent (POME) was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The process parameters studied include inoculum sizes (% v/v), POME concentration (% v/v), light intensity (klux), agitation (rpm) and pH. The experimental data on cumulative hydrogen production and COD reduction were fitted into a quadratic polynomial model using response surface regression analysis. The path to optimal process conditions was determined by analyzing response surface three-dimensional surface plot and contour plot. Statistical analysis on experimental data collected following Box-Behnken design showed that 100% (v/v) POME concentration, 10% (v/v) inoculum size, light intensity at 4.0 klux, agitation rate at 250 rpm and pH of 6 were the best conditions. The maximum predicted cumulative hydrogen production and COD reduction obtained under these conditions was 1.05 ml H2/ml POME and 31.71% respectively. Subsequent verification experiments at optimal process values gave the maximum yield of cumulative hydrogen at 0.66 ± 0.07 ml H2/ml POME and COD reduction at 30.54 ± 9.85%. © 2009 International Association for Hydrogen Energy.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319909008441
Chemical Engineering Communications, 2013
Liquid-liquid mixing is a key process in industries that is commonly accomplished in mechanical a... more Liquid-liquid mixing is a key process in industries that is commonly accomplished in mechanical agitation systems. Liquid-liquid mixing performance in a stirred tank can be evaluated by various parameters, namely minimum agitation speed, mixing time, circulation time, power consumption, drop size distribution, breakup and coalescence, interfacial area, and phase inversion. The importance of these liquid-liquid mixing parameters, the measurement method, and the results are discussed briefly. Input parameters such as impeller type, power number, flow pattern, number of impellers, and dispersed phase volume fraction, in addition to physical properties of phases such as viscosity and density, are reviewed. Scale-up aspects are also included. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00986445.2012.717313
Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of 6-O-D-Glucosyldecanoate in Tert-Butanol: Reaction Optimization and Effect of Mixing Power Input
Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, Nov 1, 2011
Enzymatic synthesis of 6-O-D-glucosyldecanoate in tert-butanol was performed using substrates D-g... more Enzymatic synthesis of 6-O-D-glucosyldecanoate in tert-butanol was performed using substrates D-glucose as acyl acceptor and decanoic acid as acyl donor. Candida antarctica lipase B (Novozyme 435) was used as the catalyst in the esterification process. Box Behnken of response surface methodology (RSM) was used in the optimization of selected parameters viz. reaction temperature, reaction time, substrate ratio and amount of enzyme loading. Substrate ratio was found to be the sole significant main effect while the second-order interaction between reaction time and immobilized enzyme loading was found to be a significant interaction factor. Optimized conditions for the process were: substrate molar ratio 1 (mole acyl donor-to-mole acyl acceptor), 7.5 g·L-1 immobilized enzyme loading, reaction temperature 55°C and time of 14.2 hours. When a mixed-flow impeller with downward pumping mode was used in a stirred tank reactor, minimum power input at 6.8 kW·kg-1 solvent was sufficient for an improved yield of 0.77 g glucosyl decanoate per g glucose. The reaction product composed solely of monoester with sugar acylation occurring at 6-OH primary group of D-glucose where 60% (mole) of the product was 6-O-β-D-glucosyldecanoate and 40% (mole) 6-O-α-D-glucosyldecanoate.
http://www.diagnosisp.com/dp/journals/view_article.php?journal_id=1&archive=0&issue_id=34&article_id=1202
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Papers by Shaliza Ibrahim
http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijce/2012/749760.pdf
http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijce/2012/749760/abs/
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0263876204725940/1-s2.0-S0263876204725940-main.pdf?_tid=377f1ad2-9a0a-11e3-93ea-00000aacb35e&acdnat=1392885622_892c3d58a95ef70321b8c5ffce7e5e3f
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263876204725940
http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/93/art%253A10.1007%252Fs11814-013-0130-8.pdf?auth66=1393058220_820a581ea256cb2705f0825c8070e739&ext=.pdf
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960852412012655
www.degruyter.com/view/j/revce.2012.28.issue-2-3/revce-2012-0003/revce-2012-0003.xml
www.degruyter.com/view/j/revce.2012.28.issue-2-3/revce-2012-0003/revce-2012-0003.xml
www.degruyter.com/view/j/revce.2013.29.issue-3/revce-2012-0014/revce-2012-0014.xml
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383586611007386
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960308507705837
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1522-2640%28200106%2973:6%3C654::AID-CITE6542222%3E3.0.CO;2-G/abstract
http://www.readcube.com/articles/10.1002/1522-2640%28200106%2973:6%3C654::AID-CITE6542222%3E3.0.CO;2-G?locale=en
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359511311002169
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17458080.2012.675087
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17458080.2012.675087
http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijp/2013/659013/
http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0029109434&partnerID=40&md5=f62c09fc96bf266a31bc3adc88deb72a
http://www.cheric.org/research/tech/periodicals/view.php?seq=51784
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319909008441
www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00986445.2012.717313
http://www.diagnosisp.com/dp/journals/view_article.php?journal_id=1&archive=0&issue_id=34&article_id=1202